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In recent years, with the rural industrial structure adjustment and transfer of labor, has emerged in rural northern Fujian "male work female farming" situation. Rural women in the rural areas in the dominant position of more and more prominent, and has accounted for the rural labor force more than 70%%. Moreover, the upward trend of this trend. How to address the feminization of agriculture in North Fujian problem is not only related to the development of agriculture, rural stability and social harmony, and is also related to the new rural construction in northern Fujian.

First,  the reasons and the current situation for the agriculture feminization

At present, our understanding of the situation, the phenomenon of the feminization of agriculture in northern Fujian, mainly in the following three aspects: First, from the labor force by industry and occupation distribution. Concentration of female labor force in northern Fujian many industries in the first engaged in the secondary and tertiary industries of the female workforce in the same proportion of sex workers are generally lower than male workers in the same proportion of the workforce. Secondly, from the rural female labor force in rural areas the proportion of the labor force in terms of accounting. 20th century since the 80's, the absolute number of female labor force in rural areas with relatively few straight-line increase, they have become more than a number of men in the rural labor force. According to statistics from related departments, the rural labor force in 2007 in Northern Fujian Province accounted for more than 70% of women. Third, the transfer of rural labor force from the situation. The transfer of rural labor force in northern Fujian, the large number of male labor force in rural areas to urban and non-agricultural industries, in the actual transfer process, rural women account for only about 20%

The formation of the feminization of agriculture for many reasons, mainly has the following:

The impact of their own qualities. Because of educational level, physical factors,then,  women in the employment level lower than that of men, bad job stability. The majority of rural women's skills is single, besides that they are lack of transfer to non-agricultural sectors and the capacity of their own businesses. Restrictions on the quality of rural women become the bottleneck for women who have left the land .

The impact of traditional values. Traditional gender difference of  labor model is "The man work out for living and the woman hold the home",  in the wave of the performance of non-transfer in agriculture, this division of labor model for the "male working, female farming", that is, men migrate, women stay in rural areas engaged in agricultural production and take care of home. This is the another important reason for feminization of agriculture.

Economic factors. Because of educational level, physical factors , women in the employment level lower than men, at the same way, the treatment of their wages also lower than male workers. And women farmers at home, can provide families with the protection of the basic material of life, and release the mens' worry about family.An ordinary family would choose  man  go out to work, women left the division of labor model naturally.

Secondly , the pros and cons analysis of the feminization of agriculture

Analysis from the view of realistic point , the feminization of agriculture and rural development has both pros and cons.

Promoted the transfer of rural surplus labor force. Since reform and opening up, with the improve of rural agricultural production efficiency and the reduction of rural land, labor force in  northern Fujian is increasing, rural women in rural areas take up the task of agriculture to make rural men have the opportunity to enter the city or township employees in other non-agricultural industries. It is the feminization of agriculture, rural surplus labor force to be able to transfer stable and orderly.

To promote the "three rural" issue. The feminization of agriculture, was a great emancipation of the male labor force and laid a foundation  for the labor force from the rural to city. Male employment in rural areas enter cities  for farmers into the city to lay a solid foundation to promote the process of urbanization in rural areas, to a certain extent effective in promoting the "three rural" issue.

To promote social stability in rural areas. A large number of women remain in the countryside farming, effort the agricultural production and assume the burden of care for the elderly and  children, not only provides a livelihood for the basic necessities for living of the family , but also to maintain the normal life of the rural and social stability.

To promote their own emancipation of rural women. The feminization of agriculture has been amply demonstrated the enormous potential of women's physical strength to enable women to enhance the confidence of independent, in order to update the concept of women to achieve equality between men and women, to seek their own liberation, has laid a good foundation

   However, the view of new rural development strategy for a high degree , the feminization of agriculture have a negative impact not only for long-term development of rural women , it will also eventually do bad to the development of agricultural industrialization, and play a hindering role in the new construction of rural areas .

It is not good to the development of women. The feminization of agriculture limited the opportunities for women.On the one hand, the long-term way of life and production in rural areas make women lack  knowledge, aggressive, competitive, open awareness, a poor sense of self-development; on the other hand, a reduction of the women's vocational skills education in family, social and related community organizations make women lack science technology , cultural knowledge and professional skills . Thus , rural women are limited in the transfer of non-agricultural industries or the ability of their own businesses.

It is not good to the family's harmonious and stable .  Male go outside for long-term,  the couples has more and more big gap from the thoughts and  behaviors , it will increases the possibility of  divorce. At the same time, on their children's education, upbringing of children is totally loaded on the mother's shoulder, which has a negative impact in terms of knowledge, technology, especially on the psychological capacity to cultivate their children's education

It is not good to agricultural production and operation. After the implementation of production responsibility system in rural areas, many are male heads of households in rural areas, land management, production decision-making, technology selection by the head of the household is responsible for things. Rural women have little access to skills and about the management of the conditions of science and technology training and opportunities. The feminization of agricultural labor will lead to  the decline of structural technology and management level in agriculture.

It is not good to building a new countryside. From the real situation in rural areas in northern Fujian, after the reform and opening up, at the tide of rural labor transfer, the transfered are the people with the business-minded, the technical capacity of agricultural personnel. This brain drain make difficult to  get out the status of the disadvantaged , is not conducive to the new rural construction in northern Fujian in the long run.

Promoting the basic ideas to solve the problem of agricultural feminization

Firstly , improve the overall quality of rural women. First of all, attention should be paid to rural women on the practical skills training, to be able to satisfy modern agricultural production development. Secondly,  strengthen the basic education and comprehensive quality of  rural women. Third, strengthen the nine-year compulsory education in rural areas, increase the strength of the rate of rural girls in high school, starting from the education of girls, improve the quality of rural women

Second , women should create a business environment in rural areas. First of all, through the promotion of "women Congress & association", improve the level of women's organizations, led  women increase wealth. Secondly, women's organizations by giving full play the advantages of the network, women's federations at all levels to rely on cadres, female IT workers, female entrepreneurs as the backbone of the rural female capable team, a means of innovative services, and expand prosperity for rural women to increase the service channels. Again, it is necessary to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of rural women and creativity, according to market demand and changes in the development of a number of "women's" big head size, to play its leading role of radiation.

Third, women in rural areas should expand space for development. First of all, do efforts to increase investment, increase the transfer of rural women in the labor intensity. Secondly, the private economy to develop and broaden the channels for the transfer of women's labor force. Third, to speed up the industrial park construction, improving the degree of concentration in order to promote rapid economic development of rural women so as to create more opportunities for labor

Fourth, it is necessary to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of rural women. First of all, to strengthen democracy and the legal system, with special attention to the rights and interests of rural women. Involving rural women's rights laws, regulations, policies, and the autonomy of villagers existing statutes, regulations. To start cleaning up from a gender perspective, amended and improved. Secondly, the strengthening of grassroots organizations to enable rural women to participate actively in the building of grass-roots democracy, to ensure that the village occupies a certain proportion of women in politics.

 Then, enhance the quality of  rural womens' life. First, the decision-making of equality between men and women is the mainstream of national policy. Take women's job  into the overall planning of economic and social development . Second, improve the social security system. Speed up to establish the suitable and urban society, pension, medical and other security system to solve the worries of rural women. Third, improve family income to reduce  the pressure of agricultural production  on rural women, in order to provide all-round progress of their economic base.

 Edited by Dachong Xu